WORLD WAR I

WORLD WAR I

Era Bella: growing tension between powers, as a result of economic globalization and the rise of colonialism

1882 Triple Alliance: linking Germany with Austria-Hungary and Italy, to maintain the beneficial state for Germany.

Weltpolitik: world hegemony policy driven by William II, after acceding to the throne in 1888 and in 1890 to dismiss the Chancellor Bismark

• Withdrawal from Russia in 1890 to renew the Reinsurance Treaty.

• Confrontation with Britain by economic competition and German shipbuilding plans.

• Creation of a Franco-Russian alliance 1893: military assistance in case of war against Germany.

• The Entente Cordiale in 1904 Franco-British

• Anglo-Russian Agreement 1907 (Persia, Afghanistan (England), Tibet)

• Finally, the formation of the Triple Entente to counteract this policy

1.1. The transformations of the new century and the conflicts between the powers.

Emergence of USA and Japan, which retention passage of a European to a global.

• Spanish-American War 1898: conflict between USA and Spain, the latter losing the Cuban island, Puerto Rico, the Philippines and Guam

• 1905 Russian-Japanese War: Russian aggression ultimately led to the British-Japanese alliance in 1902 which led to the aforementioned war, winning Japan. As a result Russia turned its attention to the Balkans, leads to clash with Astro-Hungary.

1.2. The Road to War 1905-1914

Balkans:

• Austrian annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina October 5, 1908 (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Kingdom of Italy, Kingdom of Serbia, Montenegro, German Empire and France intervened in these events), this damage the relationship of Austria-Hungary to Serbia.

• all faced with Turkey, the second faced the victors, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro, against Bulgaria

• Germany supported the Austro-Hungarian empire in case of conflict. Russia supported Austria-Hungary in case Germany would attack Serbia. France would support Russia for its connections.

The final crisis: the death of Archduke June 28, 1914 in Sarajevo (Bosnia), heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was the trigger of the war, all by Gavrilo Princip, a member of the nationalist organization "Black Hand"

• June 28: Attack of Sarajevo

• 23 July: After securing German support, Austria-Hungary an ultimatum to Serbia

• July 28: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia

• July 30: Russian general mobilization begins

• August 1 Germany declared war on Russia. France began a general mobilization.

• August 3: Germany declares war on France

• August 4: Germany invades Belgium, causing Britain to declare war.

2. World War 1914-1918

1914: The war of movement:

• Western Front:

Schlieffen Plan: German Reich created the Alfred von, and executed by Moltke, who was to attack quickly and decisively to France in the north-west. The plan involved the invasion of neutral Belgium.

Battle of the Marne: the French army under the command of Joffre, manages to stop the German attack (September-November 1914)

• Eastern Front:

Battle of Tannenberg: after an initial Russian advance, the Germans imposed, although not definitely (August 1914)

1915-1916: The War of Positions

• Western Front:

War Trenches: From the North Sea to Switzerland, thousands of kilometers of trenches faced millions of men in front of Western

Treaty of London (1915): Italy who had remained neutral, passes from the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente annexation is promised after the end of the war in Trentino, South Tyrol, Trieste, Istria, and part of Dalmatia.

Chemical Warfare: does not follow the provisions of the Conference of The Hague in 1899, where the use of toxic substances is prohibited, however, the Germans, who had a highly developed chemical industry, used these substances as a solution to end the war trench.

Battle of Verdun: February to December 1916, the war of attrition is used to attack virdún square where largest French military casualties there were.

Undersea Warfare: Germany begins submarine warfare against England, sinking 7 May 1915 transatlantic Lucitania, Washington government protested vigorously. The Chancellor Bethmann Hollweg chose moderate attacks. Only until February 1, 1917, Germany declared total submarine warfare. The precipitated USA entered the war because seriously harmed American producers and exporters.

• Eastern Front:

Paul Von Hindenburg: Chief of Staff German state does occupy Russian Poland and Lithuania.

-Austria-Hungary and Serbia recovers conquer Galicia.

-Romania joins the Entente in 1916

1917: The turning point in the war

The Soviet revolution in Russia and the United States' entry into the conflict.

• Western Front:

USA 1914: Thomas Woodrow Wilson

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