BIOCHEMSTRY: BIOMOLECULES

BIOCHEMSTRY: BIOMOLECULES

What science studies biomolecules? , What are biomolecules? Biochemistry is the study of molecules and the chemical reactions of life. It is the discipline that uses the principles and language of chemistry to explain biology at the molecular level. Biomolecules are the constituent molecules of living beings. The six chemical elements or more abundant bioelementos in living things are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur (C, H, O, N, P, S), with them all kinds of substances or biomolecules such as Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids and Nucleic Acids.

Are twenty common amino acids that are part of every cell proteins? Each amino acid contains an amino group and a carboxylate group and a side chain (R group) that is unique for each amino acid. During the synthesis of a protein, the amino group of an amino acid and a carboxylate group of other is condensed to form an amide bond. The bond between the carbon atoms of a residue is called peptide bond. A functional protein can be a single polypeptide, or may be composed of several different polypeptides chains are joined tightly to form a more complex structure.

Many proteins function as enzymes; others are structural components of cells and organisms. The tridimensional form of a protein is determined largely by the sequence of their amino acid residues. This sequence information is encoded in the gene for the protein.

First, what is a carbohydrate? They are mainly composed of carbon, oxygen and hydrogen. This group of components includes simple sugars (monosaccharaides) and its polymers (polysaccharides). All monosaccharaides and polysaccharides residues containing several hydroxyls groups and are therefore polyalcohol. Alcohols most common monosaccharaides contain either five or six atoms.

Now, the structures of sugars can be represented in various ways. For example, ribose can be displayed as a lineal molecule (structure Fischer) and as ring (Haworth projection).

Second, the functions of these biomolecules are:

1. Providing energy and regulation of blood glucose.

2. Sparing the use of proteins for energy.

3. Breakdown of fatty acids and preventing ketosis.

4. Biological recognition processes.

5. Flavor and Sweeteners.

6. Dietary fiber.

First of all, the term "lipid" refers to a class of molecules rich in diverse carbon and hydrogen but contain relatively few oxygen atoms. Most of the lipids is not soluble in water but can be dissolved in some organic solvents. In the second step, the simplest Lipids are fatty acids, which are long-chain hydrocarbons with a carboxylate group at one end. Gradually, the fatty acids are part of longer molecules called glycerophospholipids, which contain glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acyl groups two.

Finally, the functions of lipids are:

1. Lipids are storage compounds, triglycerides serve as reserve energy of the body.

2. Lipids are important component of cell membranes structure in eukaryotic cells.

3. Lipids regulate membrane permeability.

4. They serve as source for fat soluble vitamins like A, D, E, K.

5. They act electrical insulators to the nerve fibres, where the myelin sheath contains lipids.

6. Lipids are components of some enzyme systems.

Our body is all atoms, chemicals, biomolecules and cells, it is matter. The primary and secondary bioelements, we studied are assembled together or combine to form biomolecules. We can say that carbohydrates are what they injected us energy to work or play, fats or lipids, are our energy reserves, proteins, vitamins, act as structure and body support and nucleic acids fulfills its function of inheriting genetic material, are then these, examples of biomolecular

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