Ejemplo de Examen ingles

PHONEMES

A phoneme is the smallest contrastive phonological unit which can produce difference in meaning.

e.g.     BILL             FILL       /b/   -    /f/

          /bl/             /fl/

ALLOPHONES

An allophone is a variant of a phoneme.

e.g   at  /t/

        at the / t /

                   / p/            / pt /[pic 1]

          /s/  / t /            / tam /

                 / k /           / k /

The voiceless plosives become aspirated when they are in accented position, not preceded by the /s/ sound.

        / b / -  / p /            

       / d /  -  / t /               / ntdn /

      / g /  -  / k /              / bgpg /

                  / t /

                  / d /

               Plosive  +         Plosive[pic 2][pic 3]

                                         Affricate

Within the same word or at word boundary.

     / b - p /          /m/             /ntm /

     / d - t /    +    /n/               / ktn/

     / g - k /          //

                      Plosive  +  Nasal

     / d /                                  /dzntlv /

     / t /          +    / l /            /dled /

       Alveolar plosive   +   Lateral

 / b - d - d - g - v -  - z -  /      lenis

 / p -  t -  t -  k - f -  - s -  /      fortis

              e.g.  /btbb /

LENIS sounds become devoiced:

• At the very beginning/end
• After or before a pause
• After or before fortis sounds (voiceless)

               / p /           / l  /            / ple /

/ s /      / t /    +     /  /             / ten /[pic 4]

             / k /           / w /           / tju:b /

                                  / j /

This occurs when any of the voiceless plosives / p - t - k / (in accented position and NOT preceded by the /s /sound) is followed by any of these sounds

/ l -  - w – j/