Important Concepts Of Chemistry

Chemistry Guide for the first Quiz

Chemistry: Science that studies the composition, structure, properties and changes of matter.

Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Technology: The purposeful application of information in the design, production, and utilization of goods and services, and in the organization of human activities.

Nanotechnology: Is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly one to 100 nanometers, observation of micro things.

Importance and applications of chemistry: The chemistry is very important for the production of many things, thanks to it we have the benefit of knowing more about medicine, health, the organism, and much more. The chemistry is in everything.

From stone age to silicon era

Copper: •A very versatile non-ferrous metal.

•Very high thermal and electrical conductivity, corrosion resistance and easy

machinability.

• Often seen in plumbing systems and good quality roofing

and cladding.

Silicon: • Is the principal component of most semiconductor devices, and the most importantly integrated circuits or microchips.

• Silicon chips are the basis of modern electronic and computing, but is also used in medical products, consumer products, food processing, personal and household care and others.

Petroleum: • Most of our cars, trucks, and planes are powered by fuel made from oil.

• Our factories use oil to make plastics and paints, medicines and soaps.

• We even burn oil to make electricity.

Examples of the relation of Chemistry with other sciences

Biology: •metabolism of food to give energy to living organisms

•molecular structure of proteins, hormones, enzymes, and nucleic acids

•composition, development and reproduction of living cells.

- Both sciences form the Biochemistry.

Physics •Chemistry and Physics are sciences that overlap, because both of them are based on the properties and behavior of matter.

Medicine •Development of new drugs the advances in medicine and chemotherapy

Petrochemistry •The plastics and polymers industries,

•Petroleum, pharmaceutical, transport, clothing, etc.

Agriculture: -The farm production has advanced increasing the use of fertilizers, pesticides and improved seeds, and they can have better food.

- Synthetic nutrients.

Chemistry and other fields, real life examples

Energy - Batteries

Technology - Cosmetics

Communication - Plasma TVs

Health - Medicaments

Medicine - Chemotherapy

Food - Caramel

Agriculture - Chemical fertilizers

Nutrition - Proteins

Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Pure substance: Is matter that has a fixed or constant composition.

Compound: Is a pure substance that consists of two or more elements chemically combined in the same proportion. Ex. Propane (C3H8), Salt substitute (KCl)

Element: Is the simplest type of a pure substance, is composed of only one kind of material. Ex. An iron (Fe) nail, aluminum (Al)

Mixture: Two or more substances are physically mixed, but not chemically combined.

Ex. Soft drink, cheese sandwich.

Homogeneous mix.: Also called a solution, the composition is uniform throughout the sample. Ex. nonfat milk, gasoline, cranberry juice.

Heterogeneous mix.: The components do not have a uniform composition, we can see the different components. Ex. Chocolate-chip ice cream, peanut butter sandwich, salad.

Physical methods to separate mixtures: filtration, chromatography,

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