Ingles Basic

NIVEL BASICO

SUBJECT AND OBJECT PRONOUNS

SUBJECT PRONOUNS I YOU HE SHE IT WE THEY

OBJECT PRONOUNS ME YOU HIM HER IT US THEM

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES AND PRONOUNS

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

MY MINE

YOUR YOURS

HIS HIS

HER HERS

ITS ITS

OUR OURS

THEIR THEIRS

Possessive adjectives are used before nouns.

- This is my pen.

- That’s your book.

- These are her papers.

Possessive pronouns are used alone without nouns.

- This pen is mine.

- That book is yours.

- These papers are hers.

The pronoun ITS is not commonly used.

EXAMPLE:

A : Whose book is this?

B: It’s my book.

This book is mine. Or It’s mine.

EXERCISES

I .- Complete the sentences:

1 .- He owns this book.

This book belongs to _______.

This is ________ book.

This is ________.

2 .- She owns these pens.

These pens belong to _______.

These are _______ pens.

These are _______.

3 .- They own a house.

That house belongs to ________.

That’s ________ house.

That’s ________.

4 .- I own this notebook.

This notebook belongs to _______.

This is _______ notebook.

This is _______.

5 .- We have three children.

These children belong to _______.

These are _______ children.

These are _______.

II.- Complete the sentences with either a possessive adjective or a possessive pronoun. Use the correct form of the word in parentheses. Look at the examples.

EXAMPLE: (he) This is ________ green car.

(she) _______ is yellow.

1 .- (we) These are ______ notebooks.

2 .- (she) That one over there is ______.

3 .- (you) ______ food’s on the table.

4 .- (I) I don’t want ______.

5 .- (they) ______ is parked outside.

6 .- (he) He’s waiting in ______ truck.

7 .- (we) _______ stays outside.

8 .- (she) _______ cat stays indoors.

9 .- (he) _______ vacation is three weeks long.

10 .- (they) ______course is five weeks long.

11 .- (I) You can use _______ pen.

12 .- (you) _______ is broken.

VERBS AND VERBAL TENSES

English verbs have only three forms: Base Form , Past Tense and Past Participle. From these forms, all the English Tenses are formed.

Base form Past tense Past participle

write wrote written

study studied studied

play played played

I.- BASE FORM

The base form ( first column ) is used to form the following Tenses:

1.- Simple Tenses

2.- Past Tense Interrogative and Negative.

3.- Future Tense.

4.- Progressive Tenses.

5.- Imperative Mood.

Note: It is also used with the Modal Auxiliaries.

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Examples: The students speak English during their English classes.

Do you watch TV in the evening ?

The instructor gives orders to the recruits.

a)Affirmative sentences: You use the simple tense to form affirmative sentences when the subjects are I - you , we , they or any subject that could be changed for these pronouns.

Ex. The teachers arrive early every morning ( the teachers=they )

You must add s or es when the subjects are he , she , it , or any subject that could be changed for these pronouns.

Ex. Lucy usually sends postcards to her friend in Spain ( Lucy = she ).

Note : the s or es is added to the verb ONLY in affirmative sentences.

b)Interrogative sentences: To ask a question you must start your sentence with the auxiliary do if the subjects are I , you , we , they or any subject that could be changed for these pronouns.

Ex. Do the students practice their English lessons?

When the subjects are he , she , it , or any subject that could be replaced for these pronouns you must start your question with the auxiliary does.

Ex. Does the dog bark at night ? ( the dog = it )

c)Negative sentences: When the subjects are I , you , we , they , or any subject that could be replaced for these pronouns , you must put don`t between the subject and the verb .

Ex. The football players don`t practice enough.

Doesn`t is used when the subjects are he , she , it , or any other noun that could be replaced for these pronouns.

NOTE : WHENEVER YOU USE THE AUXILIARIES DOES OR

DOESN`T , THE VERB IS IN SIMPLE INFINITIVE

( WITHOUT S OR ES )

The uses of the present tense are:

1.- To express a condition that exists at the moment of speaking and may continue for a short time.

Examples:

He is sick.

We are here.

2.- To express a general truth.

Examples:

The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.

The earth revolves around the sun.

3.- To express the idea that an activity or capability existed before the moment of speaking, exists at the moment of speaking , and may continue for an indefinite time.

Examples:

He lives on Wilson Street.

She speaks fluent English.

4.- To express an habitual action. Adverbs of frequency ( often, frequently, usually, etc.) are often used to help express this concept of time.

Examples:

He often goes to the movies.

I usually take the bus to work.

5.- To express future time ( with a time expression )

Examples:

He leaves for Europe next week.

The movie starts at eight.

EXERCISES

I.- Complete the sentences using the correct form of these

verbs.

Boil - close - cost - go - have - like - meet - open - smoke speak - teach - wash.

1.- She`s very clever. She ................. four languages.

2.- Steve ................. ten cigarettes a day.

3.- We usually .................. dinner at 7 o`clock.

4.- I .............. films. I often .................to the cinema.

5.- Water .............. at 100 degrees Celcius.

6.- In Britain the banks ................. at 9:30 in the morning.

7.- The City Nuseum .................. at 5 o`clock every evening.

8.- Food is expensive. It ................. a lot of money.

9.- Shoes are expensive. They ................ a lot of money.

10.- Tina is a teacher. She .....................mathematics to young children.

11.- Your job is very interesting. You ................ a lot of people.

12.- Peter ................. his hair twice a week.

II.- Translate into English.

1.- Estudio Inglès todos los dias.

2.- Susana trabaja en un hostal.

3.- Me gusta esquiar. ( esquiar= skiing )

4.- Mis padres viven en Valencia pero yo vivo en Madrid

5.- Siempre cenamos a las 8:00. ( cenar= have dinner )

6.- A Liz le gusta la mùsica clàsica.

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