Electrólisis de cloruro de sodio en solución acuosa
jONYKEIXTarea19 de Noviembre de 2015
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1.5.3 Electrólisis de cloruro de sodio en solución acuosa.
Cuando el cloruro de sodio se disuelve en agua se produce la ionización, y en la celda electrolítica existen cuatro clases de iones; dos positivos (Na+ y H+) y dos negativos (Cl- y OH-):
NaCl + H-OH Na+ + Cl- + H+ + OH- [pic 1]
Los iones H+ y Na+ son atraídos por el cátodo, pero solo el hidrógeno gana un electrón y se transforma en átomo, no así el sodio, ya que tiene mayor potencial eléctrico.
2H+ + 2e- H20 se descarga (reducción)[pic 2]
2Na+ 2Na+ no se descarga.[pic 3]
Los iones Na+ y OH+ quedan en la solución y reaccionan:
Na+ + OH- NaOH[pic 4]
Por lo tanto se obtiene:
2NaCl + 2H20 2NaOH + H20 + Cl20[pic 5]
En el proceso electrolítico del cloruro de sodio en solución acuosa, se produce:
- Cloro gas en el ánodo: Cl20
- Hidrógeno gas en el cátodo: H20
- Hidróxido de Sodio: 2Na+ 2Na+[pic 6]
2OH- 2OH-[pic 7]
1. ¿Qué condiciones se requieren para que exista corriente eléctrica?
Que existan electrones libres y potencial.
2. ¿Qué entiende por electrolito?
Es un sistema líquido conductor de la electricidad. Puedes ser: ácidos, bases y sales orgánicas.
Name: Jonathan Gonza
Course: 2 BGU ‘‘C’’
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This date celebrates a national tradition that brings together families and friends to share, give thanks and enjoy traditional food of this festival, like turkey and pumpkin candy.
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