Stephen Hawking essay and all his research on black holes

Title: Stephen Hawking essay and all his research on black holes

Abstract

This essay examines the important research done by renowned theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking in the field of black holes. Through his groundbreaking work by him, Hawking revolutionized our understanding of these enigmatic cosmic objects, challenging established concepts and bringing new ideas to the field of astrophysics. This essay focuses on his key contributions, including his theory of Hawking radiation and his advances in solving the information paradox in black holes.

Keywords

Stephen Hawking, black holes, Hawking radiation, information paradox, astrophysics.

Introduction

Stephen Hawking was a brilliant scientist, astronomer, cosmologist, astrophysicist, and icon of science, now deceased. He studied, described and contributed a lot to the knowledge of black holes. These are portions of the space presence where gravity is extremely great, much greater even than the force with which the earth pulls us towards it. The gravity of a black hole is so strong that it absorbs all light and matter that passes through its boundary known as the event horizon. Its origin dates back to the beginning of the 20th century when Albert Einstein presented the Theory of General Relativity to explain gravity. This theory predicted the existence of these peculiar structures, but it was not until 1971, the year in which it was formally established, that Hawking's work began to develop techniques to describe and study these mysterious objects.

Hawking and Roger Penrose discovered that a black hole that initially formed from the massive collapse of a star warps space and time in a unique and inimitable way. What's more, Hawking also found that black holes are not completely inert, but rather emit radiation. This radiation, which he called Hawking Radiation, changed the face of cosmology and became one of the main contributions in his career. This was in total contradiction with all the seemingly strict laws of quantum mechanics.

This radiation caused the black holes to dispense energy and eventually evaporate, leaving a cloud of particles between which photons were emitted in parallel. This provoked great controversies among scientists since it caused a serious theoretical dilemma. This radiation had a non-existent lifetime and was destined to die within the black hole's event horizon. To solve this puzzle, Hawking proposed that black holes do not destroy information, but rather store it. This assumption is known as the principle of ambiguity.

Hawking researched this theory deeply and began working on different techniques to account for this behavior, developing the information paradox. This paradox, known today as the Hawking Information Conjecture, proposes that black holes enter a state of equilibrium in which information is not destroyed but is conserved as energy within its energy on a microscopic scale.

The implications that this hypothesis had in the field of cosmology were colossal. This allowed other scientists such as Jacob Bekenstein to develop further studies on the subject of black holes. These studies concluded that black holes do not allow energy from matter to fall preferentially towards them, but also emit energy as gravitational waves to maintain balance and prevent their collapse. This shows once again that black holes are not completely inert objects, but obey a balance between the strength of their gravitational attractions and their surroundings.

Hawking began a new era in the investigation of cosmological phenomena with his discovery of radiation emission from black holes and his enormous contribution to the improvement in the understanding and study of these peculiar structures. Hawking's name will always be linked to the history of black holes. There is no doubt that he maintained a long and constant investigation throughout his life, which will continue to inspire new generations of thinkers.

Development

1. Black holes and their enigma: Black holes are regions of space-time with a gravitational force so intense that nothing, not even light, can escape them. For a long time, these cosmic objects posed a fundamental conundrum: Did they emit radiation or absorb all the matter and energy that fell into them? Stephen Hawking set out to address this challenge and revolutionize our understanding of black holes.

...