Tiempos Futuros Del Idioma Ingles

Futuro simple

'Simple future'

El futuro simple o "simple future" se utiliza para describir acciones que se van a desarrollar en un futuro, sin necesidad de especificar cuándo.

En inglés se suele expresar este tiempo verbal con los modales "shall/will" o con la construcción "be going to".

1 Futuro con shall y will

El futuro se forma con el verbo auxiliar 'will' seguido del verbo en infinitivo sin 'to'.

Para la primera persona del singular y plural también se puede utilizar "shall" + ...

La forma contraída de will y shall es 'll

Usos:

1 Para hablar de hechos que ocurrirán con certeza en un futuro, con o sin intervención del sujeto en la acción.

She´ll be ninety tomorrow.

Mañana cumple noventa años.

2 Para expresar decisiones tomadas por el hablante en el momento del habla, sin tenerlo previsto previamente.

I will phone her tonight.

La llamaré esta noche.

3 Para expresar predicciones, suposiciones o deducciones del hablante sobre un hecho futuro.

It will snow tomorrow.

Mañana nevará (predicción).

She will like our present.

Le gustará nuestro regalo (suposición).

He´ll be rich one day (deducción).

Algún día será rico.

4 Cuando expresar órdenes, peticiones y promesas.

You will do your homework.

Harás tus deberes (orden).

Will you open the door?

¿Quieres abrir la puerta? (petición)

I´ll do my best to help her.

Haré todo lo posible para ayudarla (promesa).

2 Futuro con "be going to"

1 Para expresar planes, decisiones o intención de hacer algo en un futuro cercano. Esta construcción se usa en el ámbito informal.

We are going to go to the beach tomorrow.

Vamos a ir a la playa mañana.

He's going to visit her.

Va a ir a visitarla

2 Cuando se tiene la certeza de que algo va a pasar.

It's going to rain.

Va a llover.

Mary´s going to have a baby.

Mary va a tener un bebé.

Futuro simple con 'will'

Afirmativo

Forma larga Sujeto + shall /will + v. en infinitivo sin "to" + ...

Forma corta Sujeto +´ll + v. en infinitivo sin "to" + ...

Forma larga Forma corta

I shall/will work I'll work

You will work You'll work

He will work He'll work

She will work She'll work

It will work It'll work

We shall/will work We'll work

You will work You'll work

They will work They'll work

Ejemplos

I´ll play tennis tomorrow. Jugaré al tenis mañana.

He will leave London next month. Dejará Londres el próximo mes.

Negativo

Forma larga Sujeto + shall /will + not + v. en infinitivo sin "to" + ...

Forma corta Sujeto + shan't/ won't + v. en infinitivo sin "to" + ...

Sujeto + 'll + not + verbo en infinitivo sin "to" + ...

Forma larga Forma corta

I shall/will not work I shan´t/won't work I´ll not work

You will not work You won't work You´ll not work

He will not work He won't work He´ll not work

She will not work She won't work She´ll not work

It will not work It won't work It´ll not work

We shall/will not work We shan´t/won´t work We´ll not work

You will not work You won't work You´ll not work

They will not work They won't work They´ll not work

Ejemplos

I´ll not visit your mother tomorrow. No visitaré a tu madre mañana.

You will not paint the office. No pintaréis la oficina.

Interrogativo

Afirmativo

Shall/Will + sujeto + v. en infinitivo sin "to" + ... ?

Negativo

Forma larga Shall/Will + sujeto + not + v. en infinitivo sin "to"

Forma corta Shan´t/Won't + sujeto + v. en infinitivo sin "to"

Afirmativo Negativo

Shall/Will I work? Shall/Will I not work? Shan´t/Won't I work?

Will you work? Will you not work? Won't you work?

Will he work? Will he not work? Won't he work?

Will she work? Will she not work? Won't she work?

Will it work? Will it not work? Won't it work?

Shall/Will we work? Shall/Will we not work? Shan´t/Won't we work?

Will you work? Will you not work? Won't you work?

Will they work? Will they not work? Won't they work?

Ejemplos

Will you call me tonight? ¿Me llamarás esta noche?

Why will she arrive late? ¿Por qué llegará tarde?

Won´t he pay the bill? ¿No pagará la cuenta?

'To be going to'

El verbo "to be going to" equivale a "ir a hacer algo". Su estructura en la oración es:

To be + going + to + Verbo (en infinitivo)

She is going to do the shopping.

Ella va a hacer las compras.

El verbo que se conjuga es "to be" y tiene que concordar en tiempo y persona con el sujeto.

Usos de "to be going to"

1 Se usa el futuro con "be going to" para expresar acciones futuras ya planeadas (pero que no forman parte de un programa establecido).

I am going to buy a new house.

Voy a comprarme una casa nueva (tengo la intención de hacerlo).

The movie will start at 10 o'clock.

La peli empezará a las 10 (está programado).

2 Con "be going to" se indica sobre todo la intención de hacer algo en un futuro cercano o el convencimiento de que algo va a pasar.

It´s going to be a great day.

Va a ser un día genial (tengo la certeza).

Afirmativo

Forma larga Forma corta

I am going to do I'm going to do

You are going to do You're going to do

He is going to do He's going to do

She is going to do She's going to do

It is going to do It's going to do

We are going to do We're going to do

You are going to do You're going to do

They are going to do They're going to do

La traducción al español sería: "Yo voy a hacer", "tú vas a hacer", "él va a hacer"...

Negativo

Sujeto + presente de "to be" + not + going + to v. en infinitivo + ...

Forma larga Forma corta

I am not going to do I'm not going to do

You are not going to do You're not going to do You aren't going to do

He is not going to do He's not going to do He isn't going to do

She is not going to do She's not going to do She isn't going to do

It is not going to do It's not going to do It isn't going to do

We are not going to do We're not going to do We aren't going to do

You are not going to do You're not going to do You aren't going to do

They are not going to do They're not going to do They aren't going to do

Interrogativo

Afirmativo

Presente del verbo "to be" + sujeto + going to + verbo en infinitivo + .... ?

Negativo

Forma larga Presente del verbo "to be" + sujeto + not + going +to + verbo en infinitivo +... ?

Forma corta Presente del verbo "to be" en negativo forma corta + sujeto + going + to + verbo en infinitivo +... ?

Ejemplo:

Afirmativo Negativo

Am I going to do? Am I not going to do?

Are you going to do? Are you not going to do? Aren't you going to do?

Is he going to do? Is he not going to do? Isn't he going to do?

Is she going to do? Is she not going to do? Isn't she going to do?

Is it going to do? Is it not going to do? Isn't it going to do?

Are we going to do? Are we not going to do? Aren't we going to do?

Are you going to do? Are you not going to do? Aren't you going to do?

Are they going to do? Are they not going to do? Aren't they going to do?

Otras formas de expresar el futuro

'Future Forms'

1 Con el presente continuo

Se usa el futuro con el presente continuo para hablar de planes, proyectos y citas que han sido planeadas.

We´re playing tennis next week.

Vamos a jugar al tenis la semana que viene (ya lo hemos planeado).

He´s visiting her parents on Sunday.

Va a visitar a sus padres el domingo (están citados).

2 Con el presente simple

Se usa el futuro con el presente simple para hablar de acciones futuras que ya han sido planeadas, sobre todo si forman parte de un horario o programa.

Our train leaves at 17.15.

Nuestro tren sale a las 17.15.

The party starts at 20.30.

La fiesta empieza a las 20.30.

3 Con "have to"

Cuando se emplea el verbo "have to " significa "tener que".

I have to go to the dentist.

Tengo que ir al dentista.

4 Con "be"+ infinitivo

Se usa el futuro con la estructura "be" + infinitivo,

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