PETROLEO

Petroleum is known as a compound of hydrocarbons that exist on Earth in states of liquid or solid. Most of people know petroleum commonly in its liquid state, which is also called crude oil. Crude oil is basically made of some elements, in which natural gas and the viscous or solid form known as bitumen are included. These liquid and gaseous states of matter of the petroleum constituted the most important part of the primary fossil fuels. Petroleum is a non-renewable natural resource, and principal energy source for the developed countries (First, Second, and Third World). Because its importance use, petroleum make a huge impact manufacturing industries, economy, social impact, etc. First of all, the petroleum needs to follow a process. This process is a process of perforation of petroleum wells and natural gas in stages of exploration and development where in petroleum’s industries is called upstream. The extraction of the petroleum is one of the last processes of the upstream. In this process, if its pressure of the fluid is sufficient, will force naturally the exit of petroleum, where it will across the well that connects to a network in where petroleum will face the primary treatment. This one consists in the dehydrated and stabilizes eliminating the most volatile compounds. Later it is transported to refineries or plants. Petroleum, as I have said before, has many uses. For example: crude oil is taking it to a process called distillation and other chemical processes, which from that result many different uses of petroleum. Petroleum products include transportation fuels, fuel oils for heating and electricity generation, asphalt and road oil, and the feedstock used to make chemicals, plastics, and synthetic materials found in nearly everything we use today. The next percentages I’ll present you are some data retrieved from U.S Energy Information and Administration. Petroleum products and their relative share of total U.S. petroleum consumption in 2013:

• Gasoline 46%

• Heating Oil/Diesel Fuel 20%

• Jet Fuel (Kerosene) 8%

• Propane/Propylene 7%

• NGL & LRG1 6%

• Still Gas 4%

• Petrochemical Feedstock 2%

• Petroleum Coke 2%

• Residual/Heavy Fuel Oil 2%

• Asphalt and Road Oil 2%

• Lubricants 1%

• Miscellaneous Products/Special Naphthas 0.4%

• Other Liquids 1%

• Aviation Gasoline 0.1%

• Waxes 0.04%

• Kerosene

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