CONTABILIDAD Y AUDITORÍA

TRABAJO DE INVESTIGACIÓN

MERCADO DE CAPITALES

JOSÉ ADRIÁN CASTRO CASTRO

MICHAEL ALFREDO GUARACA MOROCHO

MAURICIO ANTONIO PALACIOS CAMPOVERDE

ANDREA BELÉN PASÁNTEZ ÑAUTA

CRISTOPHER ISRAEL RAMÓN CORNEJO

DAVID FERNANDO RÍOS MATUTE

UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA SALESIANA

FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS ADMINISTRATIVAS

CONTABILIDAD Y AUDITORÍA

CUENCA

2019

Contenido

Objetivos        3

Introduction        4

La Bolsa un Mercado Perfecto. Definición e importancia        7

Rol de la Bolsa en la Economía        9

Títulos valores físicos y desmaterializados. Ventajas y desventajas.        10

Mecanismos de negociación        13

Formas y tipos de posturas        13

Índices Bursátiles        14

Tipos de Ruedas        15

Resumen de la visita hecha a la Bolsa de Valores de Guayaquil        16

Conclusion        20

Glosario        21

Bibliografía        26

Objetivos

Comprender como funcionan las operaciones de compra y venta de valores emitidos por las empresas que desean captar recursos para propiciar su crecimiento.

Analizar la bolsa de valores como una oportunidad para poder adquirir liquidez para las empresas.

Entender los tipos de posturas de negociación de la bolsa de valores.

Promover el desarrollo de negociación de la bolsa de valores y entender como ayuda al desarrollo de la economía nacional.

Introduction

The stock exchange is a market where plaintiffs and suppliers of capital are contacted, those who carry out transactions through authorized intermediaries. It is often referred to simply as "the bag".

The stock exchanges allow the negotiation and exchange between the companies that look for financing, and the savers (people or organizations), that look for to obtain a profitability on their resources. In stock exchanges, both variable income and fixed income are traded. Although it is usually used to refer to equities, since it is the most operated by individual investors.

The stock exchanges can be physical or virtual places that are managed by private organizations with the authorization of the corresponding governmental or regulatory entity.

Origin of the stock exchange

The stock exchanges have their origin in the city of Bruges, Belgium where the family of bankers Van der Bursen organized meetings in his palace where assets were traded and commercial transactions were made. The concept of "bag" arose from the family shield that had three leather bags.

The first modern stock exchange emerged in the year 1460 in Antwerp, Belgium. Later in 1570, the stock exchange of London was created, in 1595 that of Lyon, France and in 1792 that of New York.

Functions of the stock exchange

Among the most important functions of the stock exchange are:

• Channel savings to productive investment

• It provides truthful and permanent information about the values, the situation of the companies registered in the stock exchange, the operations carried out, etc.

• It offers liquidity, since investors can convert their assets (stocks or others) into money.

• It provides legal security, that is, the transactions are supported and will be answered by them.

Stock exchanges play a fundamental role in economic development since they facilitate transactions and channel resources so that a better allocation of resources is feasible.

Advantages of the stock exchange for companies

Participating in a stock exchange can bring several benefits to companies, among which are:

• Greater access to financing

• Better image for the public

• It allows estimating the value of the company at a given time and encouraging its administrators to increase this value

• Shareholders can obtain liquidity because if they wish they can sell their shares

Advantages of the stock exchange for savers

For people or entities that have savings the stock market can give you several benefits, among which are:

• Greater options to make your savings profitable

• Greater access to information

• Modify transactions as many times as necessary

• Access a regulated market that offers security

How a stock exchange works

The stock market is considered a secondary market since it transfers ownership of financial assets that have already been previously issued (in the primary market where new securities are issued).

The transactions are carried out through authorized financial intermediaries known as popularly as brokers or brokers. These agents are legal entities that act on behalf of the companies or individuals to carry out the transactions they deem appropriate. The agents charge a commission or fee for their intermediation services.

It is worth mentioning that there are currently virtual stock exchanges where it is easy to contact a broker and buy shares in the online stock market.

On the other hand, companies that wish to participate in a stock exchange must publish their Financial Statements in such a way that it is possible to obtain accurate information about their current situation and growth potential.

La Bolsa un Mercado Perfecto. Definición e importancia

Definición

La Bolsa de Valores es aquella organización privada que ofrece a sus miembros, en consonancia con los mandatos de sus clientes, las facilidades necesarias para que puedan, entre otras cosas, introducir órdenes, realizar negociaciones de compra venta de acciones, como ser las acciones de sociedades o compañías anónimas, bonos públicos, privados, títulos de participación, certificados y una amplia variedad de instrumentos de inversión. Las negociaciones de valores en los diversos mercados bursátiles que estas organizaciones llevan a cabo se hacen tomando unos precios conocidos y determinados en tiempo real, siempre en torno a un clima de máxima seguridad y confianza para los inversionistas, porque el mecanismo de cualquier transacción que se haga se encuentra debidamente regulado con antelación (Menéndez, 2002)

...