Pilotes

Pilotes.

La capacidad resistente de un pilote, referida a las cargas que soporta como miembro estructural, depende de la calidad de los materiales usados, el tipo de solicitación Impuesta y las dimensiones de su seccion transversal. Como criterio general, la siguiente tabla da los valores promedio de las cargas de servicio para algunos pilotes y su longitud usual.

INTRODUCTION

Concrete

Concrete is a stonelike material obtained by permitting a carefully proportioned mixture of cement, sand and gravel or other aggregates, and water to harden in forms of the shape and dimensions of the desired structure.

The bulk of the material consists of fine and coarse aggregate. Cement and water interact chemically to bind the aggregate particles into a solid mass. Additional water, over and above that needed for this chemical reaction, is necessary to give the mixture the workability that enables it to fill the forms and surround the embedded reinforcing steel prior to hardening.

Concretes with a wide range of properties can be obtained by appropriate adjustment of the proportions of the constituents materials. Special cements (such as high early strength cements), special aggregates (such as plasticizers, air-entraining agents, silica fume, and fly ash), and special curing methods (such as steam-curing) permit a wide variety of properties to be obtained.

These properties depend to a very substantial degree:

• On the proportions of the mix

• On the care with the various constituents are intermix

• On the conditions of humidity and temperature in which the mix is maintained from the moment it is placed in the forms until the completions of curing.

The process of controlling conditions after placement is known as curing.

To protect against the unintentional production of substandard concrete, a high degree of skillful control and supervision is necessary throughout the process, from the proportioning of the individual materials, through mixing and placing, until the completion of curing

The factors that make concrete a universal building material are so pronounced:

• The facility with which, while plastic, it can be deposited and made to fill forms or molds of any practical shape.

• Its high fire and weathering resistance.

• Most of the constituent materials, with the exception of cement and additives, are usually available at low cost locally or at small distances from the construction site.

• Its compressive strength, like that of natural stones, which makes it suitable for members primarily subject to compression, such as

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