Solid Residues

The solid residues

The solid residues are also called garbage or waste decomposition is living or inert materials of the energy transformation. Are considered contaminants when quantity, composition or nature is difficult to integrate the cycles, normal flows and ecological processes, they increase more and have less and less biodegradable content, which become more polluting and dangerous.

The waste can be classified into:

 Solid residues: are those in its solid waste which can be classified according to their nature and dangerousness.

 Non dangerous residues: are those produced anywhere and development of its business, which poses no risk to human health and are considered in this group of biodegradable residue, recyclable, inert, and ordinary or common.

 Dangerous residues: are those residues with some of the following characteristics: infectious, combustible, flammable, explosive, reactive, radioactive, volatile, corrosive that can cause harm to human health or the environment. Also considered dangerous containers, packaging that have been in contact with them.

 Organic residues: are all those which discompose naturally and having in its structure basically carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, these include: paper, vegetable peels, food residues, fruit, drinks, crop residues, algae, leaves of trees, among others.

 Inorganic residues: are those that have chemical characteristics very slow like natural decomposition. Many of them are of natural origin but are not biodegradable, for example plastic containers. Generally recycled through artificial and mechanical methods, such as cans, glass, batteries, among others.

The garbage disposal aims processing and treating them through various processes, such as chemical, physical or biological. It is important to note that incineration is not recommended by the pollution caused by their air emissions.

What is a landfill?

Once the process of collecting garbage, they must be transported to places known as disposal of solid residues, including landfills found.

A landfill is a technique of solid residues disposal by burial, which must meet certain standards required by the sanitary engineering, thus avoiding unpleasant odors, the presence of flies, rodents and buzzards, improving conditions health, public safety and the environment during operation and finished filling.

The advantages of a landfill are:

 It is an economical alternative, but it is essential to allocate adequate financial and technical resources for planning, design, construction and operation, since it is the only method of disposal of solid residues.

 It is a complete and definitive method because of its ability to receive all types of solid residues, avoiding the problems of ash on incineration of matter susceptible of decomposition in composting.

 The disposal site can be as close as the existence of available areas, thereby reducing transportation costs.

 The landfill can begin to operate in a relatively short period of time as a disposal method.

Disadvantages of a landfill:

 Land acquisition and opposition among the public, usually caused by factors such as lack of knowledge in the art of the landfill or the apparent distrust of local government.

 The constant monitoring landfill construction to maintain a high level of operations, along with a staff with experience and expertise appropriate to avoid further failures.

 Lack of political administration, by not investing money for maintenance, which can be converted into open dump.

 May occur eventually contaminating groundwater and nearby surface, if no precautions are taken.

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