Connectors

1. CONDITION (If):

a. UNLESS: You can´t come in unless you have a ticket.

b. ON CONDITION THAT: You can borrow the bike on condition that you return it by 5.

c. IN CASE OF: In case of fire, dial 999.

d. AS LONG AS: You can stay, as long as you don´t mind sleeping on the sofa (less formal).

e. PROVIDING (THAT) / PROVIDED (THAT): Provided you don´t mind cats, you can stay with us (less formal and not so strong as on condition that but stringer and more restricting than as long as).

f. SUPPOSING / WHAT IF: Supposing he doesn´t turn up, what shall we do then?

g. HOWEVER: However you do it, will cost a lot of money.

h. WHOEVER / WHICHEVER / WHEREVER: Whoever wins the General Election, nothing will really change.

i. NO MATTER: No matter how you do it, it will cost a lot of money.

2. CAUSE, REASON, PURPOSE AND RESULT:

j. BECAUSE / SINCE / AS: To refer to the cause of or reason for something.

k. OWING: Owing to the icy conditions, the two Lorries collided.

l. BE DUE TO: The collision was due to the icy conditions.

m. CAUSE BY: The collision was caused by ice on the road.

n. THE CAUSE OF: The cause of the collision was ice on the road.

o. SPARK OFF A LOT OF: The rise in prices sparked off a lot of political protest [Often used for very strong, perhaps violent, reactions to events].

p. GIVE RISE TO / PROVOKED / GENERATED: The president´s statement generated a lot of criticism [slightly less strong than spark off].

q. BRING ABOUT / LED TO: The new law has led to great changes in education [often used for political/social change].

r. STEMS FROM: This problem stems from the inflation of recent years [explaining the direct origins of events and states].

s. AROSE OUT OF: The court-case arose out of allegations made in a newspaper [the allegations started the process that led to the court-case].

3. RESULTS:

t. AS A RESULT/AS A CONSEQUENCE/CONSEQUENTLY: He did no work. As a result, he failed his exams [Consequence/consequently sound more formal than result].

u. RESULTED IN: His remarks resulted in everyone getting angry [as a verb + in].

v. OUTCOME: The events had an outcome that no-one could have predicted.

w. UPSHOT: The upshot of all these problems was that we had to start again [less formal].

x. ENSUED: When the election results were announced, chaos ensued [formal]. 

4. CONCESSION AND CONTRAST:

a. ALTHOUGH: Accepting

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