Noise Pollution

NoisePollution

Noise is a nun pleasant sound that has been in creasing with the development of humanity in general industry and urbanization; This is one of the environmental pollutant sposing major problem for the health of man and animals; as the streets are affected by noise from the exhausts of cars and trucks, horns and bustle of large crowds. The intense noise causes both physiological and psychological diseases in the individual, mainly in industrial workers; to measure noise logarithmic measure called "Decibel" (dB), which is measured by a scale from 0 to 140 or 160 decibel sisused; in places where there is not much noise has anintensity of 30 to 40 decibels, the noise of a street is about 70 to 90 decibels; but when this is high traffic can reach up to 130 decibels, and this is comparable to the noise emitted by a jack hammer that causes pain in the ear of man when he hears; a motorcycle causes a noise of 120 decibels and takeoff of aircraft up to 150 decibels.

The psychological effects that cause noise in man headaches, loss of sleep and appetite, and in satifacciones and pains; in the work in which men are exposed to loud noise can cause them a lower than normal performance; in experiments It was found that 50% of typing errors are caused by a work environment with a lot of noise; and most of the accidents. Besides noise causes psychic disturbances, stress, and nervous problems affecting everyday to employees of large and small industries in urbanareas.

The physiological and pathological effects caused by noise are occupational deafness, auditory fatigue, acoustic trauma and concealment.

Occupational deafnessis deafness caused by work in a high noise environment. Injuries are injuries of the auditory system, causing irreversible but not progressive hearin gloss. The coveris decrease dauditory perception that causes can nothearlow sounds, such problems are mainly brings the noise of every day life in urbanareas and industries. Auditory fatigue causes a temporary in crease in hearing and is caused by noise 90 decibelsmeasuredon. Hearin glossis in creasing ly a common problem that primarily attacks menover 30 years; noise pollution is one of the most dangerous to human life, because it causes a very aggressive, as well as various physical ailments as digestive disturbances in blood pressure, respiratory and heart rate.

Types of noise pollution

transit:

A) The noise of individual vehicles

In this work the possible consequences of the noise generated by vehicles on the health of people through the development of an analysis based on the methodology of the cause-effect method, in which the impact analyzes presented a given pollutant when a variable which depends on its concentration changes. In this case, to calculate the effects of noise caused by transport, amending variable number of vehicles and get the increased noise caused and quantify the impact on the affected population. For illustrative purposes, it is applied to calculate the impact on human health caused by traffic noise in the overall road of Spain for 2006 Finally, the values ​​of the noise impact compared to the damage caused by gases emitted by vehicles and accidents, highlighting the importance of them.

B) The composition of traffic

It can be expressed as a proportion or percentage of each category of vehicles in total. The different vehicles can be classified into two or more categories. In many cases it is sufficient a classification into two broad categories Livanos and heavy.

Heavy vehicles are those in which at least one axis has four wheels. The composition of traffic may differ from the composition of the fleet and could be specified for each specific artery.

C) The slope of the road

Especially if it is greater than a few degrees has a large incidence of the resulting noise due to forced

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