Biology Of Body Systems

Introduction to body systems

1. The shapes and sizes of cells are related to their functions.

Muscular System: allows movement of body parts, works with the skeletal system to help you move.

Skeletal System: it’s made up of bones, ligaments, and cartilage. Supports the body and protects the organs, also makes blood cells.

Respiratory System: Gathers oxygen from the environment and gets rid of CO2 from the body.

Male Reproductive System: produces sperm and delivers it to the female reproductive system.

Female Reproductive System: produces eggs and nourishes a developing fetus.

Cardiovascular System: moves blood through the body. The heart is the pump of this system.

Lymphatic System: returns leak fluid back to the blood. It has cells that help get rid of invading bacteria and viruses.

Endocrine System: makes chemical messages, they help to regulate conditions inside the body, also influence growth and developments.

Integumentary System: the protective covering of the body. It includes skin, hair, and nails. The skin acts as a barrier that protects the body from infection.

Excretory System: gets rid of the body’s wastes.

Digestive System: breaks down food into nutrients that can be used by the body.

1. Nervous System: collects information and responds to it by sending electrical messages

B. Interactions of body systems

o They work together to help organisms do all of the necessary functions of a body and keep it alive.

C. Homeostasis

➢ Homeostasis is the maintenance of a constant internal state in a changing environment.

➢ In order to survive, your cells need to be able to obtain and use energy, make new cells, exchange materials, and eliminate wastes.

The Skeletal and Muscular system

Parts of the skeletal system

o Bones: Have blood vessels, which supply nutrients and nerves.

o Ligaments: are tough, flexible strands of connective tissue that hold bones together; allow movement and it´s found at the end of bones.

o Cartilage: Doesn´t contain blood vessels; is a strong, flexible, and smooth connective tissue found at the end of bones, and allows them to move smoothly.

Functions of the Skeletal System

➢ Protection: Provide protection to organs.

➢ Storage: Compact bone is the hard outer layer of bone that stores minerals such as calcium; these minerals are necessary for nerves and muscles to work properly.

➢ Support: Provide support for your body and make you move.

➢ Blood cell production: The red marrow makes blood cells that are found mostly in flat bones such as the ribs, pelvis, and skull.

➢ Movement: Provide a place for muscles to attach; muscles pull on bones to move the body.

Structure

• Bones are hard organs made of minerals and connective tissue.

Function

• Support the body, protect vital organs, allow movement, store minerals, and growth factors, and also form blood cells.

Bone Growth

• Bones are made of a network of calcium laid down by cells. As kids grow, special cells at the end of the bone add new calcium to the network of bone. Children have layers of these cells in the shape of plates at the ends of their bones. The growth plates are the long bones lengthen at their end in areas. They close up when kids reach their full adult height.

Structure and Function of Joints

• Structure: The structural classification divides joints into fibrous, cartilagenous,

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