Sistema Nervioso

UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BAJA CALIFORNIA

Enfermedades del sistema nervioso

Nervous system disease

Martínez Pantoja Hilda Rocío

26/11/2014

Nervous System Disease

Los términos los seleccione son del área de neurología, es la especialidad encargada de estudiar los trastornos del sistema nervioso. El sistema nervioso es una red de tejidos que se encarga de captar y procesar señales para que el organismo pueda interactuar eficazmente. En mi trabajo de terminología me base en las enfermedades del sistema nervioso. Para seleccionar los términos me base en videos, artículos, libros y páginas en línea de medicina. Utilice las enfermedades más comunes o de mayor importancia en la actualidad, para que sea un glosario funcional a estudiantes de medicina, traductores o incluso doctores especializados o no en neurología. Con este glosario medico se pretende romper las barreras que existen entre idiomas o incluso por conocimiento.

Videos

Nervous system disease (siao, 2012)

 Alzheimer’s disease

o The most common cause of dementia in western civilization. It affects more women than men, and the clinical course generally lasts approximately five years. The younger the individual is at the onset of the disease, the more severe the deficits patient.

 Multiple sclerosis

o The most common demyelinating disease afflicting humans. It is a chronic disease affecting more women than men often leading to progressive neurological deterioration and ataxic paraplegia.

 Parkinson’s disease

o Characterized by a slowing of voluntary movements, bradykinesia, muscular rigidity and tremor at rest.

 Pituitary adenoma

o These tumors are being and are usually composed of secretory cells from the anterior lobe of the pituitary.

 Tourette syndrome

o This syndrome begins in childhood and manifests itself through various forms and tics. These tics include frequent, irregular movements of the head, neck, or shoulders. They also may be more complex motor behaviors such as snorting, sniffing, and involuntary vocalization.

 Cerebello - Olivary degeneration of holmes

o This is a rare, autosomally-inherited disease that leads to the progressive degeneration of the cerebellar cortex and the inferior olivary nucleus within the medulla.

 Choroid papilloma

o These tumors from most commonly in the fourth ventricle and mainly affect children during the first year of life. If untreated they result in hydrocephalus and symptoms of headache, lethargy, stupor and weakness of the legs.

 Locked in syndrome

o This syndrome is due to stroke, tumor or trauma to the ventral part of the rostral pons.

 Wilsons disease

o This disease is caused by the inheritance of a mutation on chromosome 13. The mutation prevents the body from eliminating excess copper.

AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS (rehealthify, 2014)

Your autonomic nervous system is the part of your nervous system that controls involuntary actions, such as the beating of your heart and the widening or narrowing of your blood vessels. When something goes wrong in your system it can cause serious problems including; blood pressure problems, heart problems, trouble with breathing and swallowing, erectile dysfunction in men. Autonomic nervous system disorders can occur alone or as the result of another disease, such as Parkinson’s disease, alcoholism and diabetes.

Problems can affect either part of the system, as in complex regional pain syndromes, or all the system. Some types are temporary, but many worsen over time. When they affect your breathing or heart function, these disorders can be life-threatening. Some autonomic nervous system disorders get better when and underlying disease is treated. Often, however, there is no cure. In that case, the goal of treatment is to improve symptoms.

Nervous system disorders (kite, 2013)

 Schizophrenia

 Depression

 Addiction

 Alzheimer’s

 Parkinson’s

Nervous system disease (des moines university)

 Multiple Sclerosis – Literally, “many hardenings,” MS is a disease of unknown cause that manifests as multiple hard plaques of degeneration of the insulating layer of nerve fibers in the central nervous system. The loss of insulation allows “short circuiting” of nerve impulses. Depending upon where the degeneration occurs, patients may suffer paralysis, sensory disturbances or blindness.

 Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) - the fancy name for a “stroke”. A blood vessel in the brain may burst causing internal bleeding. Or, a clot may arise in a brain blood vessel (a thrombus), or arise elsewhere (embolus) and travel to get stuck in a brain vessel which then deprives brain tissue of oxygen. Depending upon the area of the brain involved, the patient may suffer paralysis, loss of speech or loss of vision.

 Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) - “Ischemia” was introduced previously in the circulatory diseases module referring to the heart. It literally means “not quite enough blood”. A short period of insufficient blood supply to the brain can have the same signs and symptoms as a stroke such as weakness in an arm, a partial loss of vision, but the problem lasts less than 24 hours. People who get TIA’s are at increased risk of having a stroke in the future.

 Epilepsy - a Greek word for “seizure.” Convulsions are another term used. Seizures may have many causes and not all seizures are epilepsy. High fevers in young children may trigger seizures which are short in duration, easily controlled and, typically, have no permanent aftereffects. Epilepsy is a specific condition which may occur at any age, seizures are more intense, longer lasting in duration, and recur with some frequency. The condition may be controlled with medication, or if unresponsive to drugs, may require surgery.

 Aphasia - loss of speech. The speech centers are located on the left side of the brain in a majority of people. If someone suffers a “stroke” (cerebrovascular accident-CVA), or traumatic brain injury, and it involves the left side of the brain, they may suffer speech impediments that vary over a spectrum of problems from difficulty in finding the right words, speaking slowly and with difficulty, or complete loss of speech. Actually, there are two speech centers. Injury described above involves the motor speech area, the area of the brain that produces language by integrating thoughts of speech with the movements of the larynx, lips and tongue. There is a second speech area, the receptive or sensory area that enables us to understand speech. Injury to the latter results in still fluent speech, but the individual does not understand what they are hearing.

Término Significado Término

1. Adenoma A benign tumor of a glandular structure or of glandular origin. Adenoma

2. Alzheimer´s disease A disease of the brain that causes people to slowly lose their memory and mental abilities as they grow old. Enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA)

3. Aphasia Loss or impairment of the power to use or comprehend words usually resulting from brain damage. Afasia

4. Ataxia An inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some central nervous system disorders and injuries and not due to muscle weakness. Ataxia

5. Autonomic nervous system A part of the vertebrate nervous system that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glandular tissues and governs involuntary actions (as secretion or peristalsis) . Sistema nervioso autónomo (SNA)

6. Bradykinesia Slow movement. Bradykinesia is often associated with an impaired ability to adjust the body's position. Bradykinesia can be a symptom of nervous system disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease, or a side effect of medications. Bradicinesia

7. Brain The organ of the body in the head that controls functions, movements, sensations, and thoughts. Cerebro

8. Cerebellum The back part of the brain that controls balance and the use of muscles. Cerebelo

9. Cerebral cortex The convulated surface layer of gray matter of the cerebrum that functions chiefly in coordination of sensory and motor information. Corteza cerebral

10. Cerebrovascular accident A serious illness cause when a blood vessel in your brain suddenly breaks or is blocked. Accidente cerebrovascular

11. Choroid A vascular membrane containing large branched pigmented cells that lies between the retina and the sclera of the vertebrate eye. Coroides

12. Chronic Continuing or occurring again and again for a long time. Crónico

13. Cortex The outer layer of an organ in the body and especially of the brain. Corteza

14. Dementia A mental illness that causes someone to be unable to think clearly or to understand what is real and what is not real. Demencia

15. Demyelinating Causing or characterized by the loss or destruction of myelin. Desmielinización

16. Depression A serious medical condition in which a person feels very sad, hopeless, and unimportant and often is unable to live a normal way. Depresión

17. Disease An illness that affects a person, animal, or plant: a condition that prevents the body or mind from working normally. Enfermedad

18. Epilepsy

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