Resumen en inglés, de un país anglosajón o producto

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Resumen, en inglés, de un país anglosajón o producto

Ingles V

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introduction

In the vast tapestry of North America, Canada stands as a vast territory that arouses curiosity and wonder. This nation, the second largest in the world, is a living testimony of the coexistence of diverse cultural influences, deeply rooted in its Anglo-Saxon roots. In this essay, we will venture to unravel the complexities and peculiarities that define Canadian identity, exploring from its history to its vibrant present.

Canada, throughout its history, has woven a unique narrative marked by the traces of its British and French colonizers. This linguistic duality, reflected in the coexistence of English and French as official languages, is a testament to the cultural fusion that has shaped its character. The British heritage is manifested in its political system, a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy that have contributed to the stability that characterizes the country.

The Canadian economy, an intertwined fabric of natural resources, technology and services, is another fascinating chapter. From the vast oil reserves in Alberta to the thriving technology industry in cities like Toronto and Vancouver, Canada has proven to be a global player with a robust and diversified economy.

However, the true essence of Canada lies not only in its political and economic structures, but also in its diverse and welcoming society. Canadian cities are microcosms of multiculturalism, where diverse communities coexist and celebrate their identities. Inclusivity and respect for diversity are fundamental pillars that define the Canadian social fabric.

Canada (English: Canada, AFI: /ˈkænədə/; French: Canada, AFI: /kanadɔ/ or /kanada/) is a sovereign country located in North America, whose form of government is the federal parliamentary monarchy. Its territory is organized into ten provinces and three territories. Its capital is the city of Ottawa and its most populated city is Toronto, followed by Montreal and Vancouver.

It is commonly considered one of the most developed countries with the best quality of life in the world, with the eighth largest economy in the world, despite only having approximately 40 million people.5

Located at the northern tip of the North American subcontinent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and north to the Arctic Ocean. It shares a border with the United States to the south, to the northwest with its federated state Alaska and to the northeast with Greenland, a territory that is part of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the second largest country in the world after Russia, and also the northernmost. It occupies about half of the territory of North America. Due to its climate, it is one of the 15 countries with the lowest population density in the world, with approximately 4 inhabitants/km².

The territory occupied by Canada was inhabited by various Aboriginal population groups for millennia. From the late 15th century, numerous British and French expeditions explored along the Atlantic coast, where they later settled. France gave up almost all of its North American colonies in 1763 after the French and Indian War.

In 1867, with the union of three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces.67 This began an accumulation of provinces and territories, and a process of autonomy from the United Kingdom. This increasing autonomy was highlighted in the Statute of Westminster of 1931 and culminated in the Canadian Constitution Act of 1982, which broke the vestiges of legal dependence in the British Parliament.8 It is governed as a parliamentary democracy and monarchy. constitutional with Charles III as head of state. It is a bilingual country with English and French as official languages at the federal level.

Canada is an industrially and technologically pioneering and advanced country, largely self-sufficient in energy thanks to its relatively extensive fossil fuel deposits and extensive nuclear and hydroelectric power generation. Being one of the most developed countries, it has a diversified economy, which makes it independent due to its large deposits and abundant natural resources as well as trade, particularly with the United States and Mexico. It is currently a member of the OAS, the G-7, the G-20, NATO, the OECD, the WTO, the UKUSA, the APEC, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Francophonie and the United Nations Organization. It is considered one of the countries with the best quality of life.

 Etymology

The name "Canada" comes from the Iroquois root kanāta meaning 'town', 'settlement' or, initially referring to Stadaconé, a settlement on the site of present-day Quebec City. French explorer Jacques Cartier used the word Canada to refer not only to that particular village, but also to the entire area under Stadaconé's rule; By 1545, European maps and books had begun to refer to the entire region as Canada.11

From the 17th century onwards, the region of New France that lay near the St. Lawrence River and bordering the northern shore of the Great Lakes was known as Canada. The area was later divided into two British colonies: Upper Canada and Lower Canada, although in 1841 they were united again as the Province of Canada.12 Following Confederation in 1867, the name Canada was adopted as the legal name for the new country and Dominion (a term from Psalm 72:8)13 was the title conferred on the country. Combined, the term Dominion of Canada was commonly used until the 1950s.14 As the Dominion asserted its political autonomy from the United Kingdom, the federal government increasingly used the term "Canada" in state documents and treaties, a fact reflected in the name change of the national holiday in 1982, when it changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day

History

Amerindian peoples

The first inhabitants of the territory that currently includes Canada were the "First Nations",15 the Eskimos16 and the Métis.17 The terms "Indians" and "Eskimos" have fallen into disuse.18 Archaeological and genetic studies prove the human presence in the north of the Yukon 26,500 years ago, and in southern Ontario 9,500 years ago.192021 Old Crow Flats and Bluefish Caves are the oldest archaeological sites left by the first Canadian inhabitants.222324 Among the traditions of the "First Nations", are the eight unique stories that describe the creation of the world and its tribes.25 These aboriginal peoples are characterized by their urban settlements that have lasted until the 21st century, by their civil and monumental architecture and by a complex social hierarchy.26 Some of these civilizations disappeared long before the arrival of Europeans (15th and 16th centuries), and have been recently discovered by archaeological excavations.

The mixed culture of the Métis originated in the mid-17th century, when some Europeans mixed with aboriginals from the "First Nations."27 For their part, during the first decades, the Inuit had more limited contact with European colonizers. 28

It is estimated that at the end of the 15th century the Aboriginal population was between 200,00029 and two million inhabitants.30 The multiple outbreaks of infectious diseases brought by Europeans such as influenza, measles and smallpox (which they did not have biological immunity), combined with other effects of contact with Europeans, resulted in a decrease in the Aboriginal population of between 85% and 95%.31 Since 2016, research has also been carried out on the physical disappearance of between 1,200 and 4,000 indigenous women and the presumption of responsibility for omission by the government of Canada.

New France

Europeans first arrived in the Americas when Vikings briefly settled at L'Anse aux Meadows on the island of Newfoundland around the year 1000; After the failure of that colony, the next attempt to explore Canadian territory was made in 1497, when the Italian navigator Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) explored the Atlantic coast of North America in the service of England. In 1534, Jacques Cartier did the same on behalf of France.37 French explorer Samuel de Champlain arrived in 1603 and established the region's first permanent European settlements: Port Royal in 1605 and Quebec City in 1608.38 Among French settlers in New France, the Canadians settled in the St. Lawrence River Valley, while the Acadiens settled in the current aritime provinces. French fur traders and Catholic missionaries explored the Great Lakes area, Hudson Bay, and the Mississippi Basin to Louisiana. The Beaver Wars broke out over control of the fur trade.

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The Death of General Wolfe, by Benjamin West (1771), depicts the general's death during the Battle of the Fields of Abraham in Quebec, which occurred in 1759.

The English established fishing outposts in Newfoundland around 1610 and established the Thirteen Colonies to the south.40 A series of four intercolonial wars broke out between 1689 and 1763.41 In 1713, mainland Nova Scotia came under British rule with the Treaty from Utrecht. Later, at the end of the French and Indian War in 1763, with the signing of the Treaty of Paris, France ceded Canada and most of New France to Great Britain.

Canadá británico 

The Royal Proclamation of 1763 separated the province of Quebec from New France and annexed Cape Breton Island to Nova Scotia.14 In 1769, St. John's Island (now Prince Edward Island) became a separate colony.43 To avoid conflicts in Quebec, the British approved the Quebec Act of 1774, which expanded the territory of Quebec to the area of the Great Lakes and the Ohio Valley. In these places the French language, the Catholic faith and French civil law were reestablished. This angered many residents of the Thirteen Colonies and influenced the start of the American Revolution.14

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