Ensayo De Utopia

In World War II women in United States had an important key role contributing to their country. During this period there were many governmental campaigns, as Rosie the Riveter, Rose Will Monroe and Rose Bonavita, “iconic figure of the women who worked in defense industries” (Strobel, 2000). During World War II the term "Rosie" was used to refer to all women who worked in defense industries and not just riveters. According to History Channel “during World War II, some 350,000 women served in the U.S. Armed Forces” (History channel, 2010). In 1942 General George Marshall supported the idea of introducing a women’s service branch into the Army. This happened because he got impressed by the British, of their good use of women at army and at the urging of the first Lady Eleanor Roosevelt and women’s group. Another group was the Nurse Corps that served in the United States and throughout the world wherever American soldiers were. In the military branch, the congress instituted the Women´s Auxiliary Army Corps, later upgraded to the Women´s Army Corps, which is commonly known as the WACs, it had full military service, as History Channel reported said “by 1945, there were more than 100,000 WACs and 6,000 female officers” (History channel, 2010). At sea, members of Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service or WAVES as abbreviation, just as men, History Channel confirm that “WAVES held the same status as naval reservists and provided support stateside. The Coast Guard and Marine Corps soon followed suit, though in smaller numbers” (History channel, 2010). The last but maybe the most important army branch for women in this war was the Women’s Airforce Service Pilots, or WASPs. In line with History Channel “These women, each of whom had already obtained their pilot’s license prior to service, became the first women to fly American military aircraft” (History channel, 2010). They accumulate more than 60 miles in flight distance, some of the thing they did was to ferried planes from factories to bases all across the country, participated in simulations strafing, transporting cargo and target missions by this way freeing thousands of males U.S. pilots for active during this war. According to Gwen Perkins “the earliest efforts to bring women into U.S. armed forces started with a woman, Jacqueline Cochran. An established pilot, Jacqueline wrote to Eleanor Roosevelt in 1940 to suggest that a women's flying division be established in the Army Air Force” (Perkins, 2007). Conforming to History Channel “more than 310,000 women worked in the U.S. aircraft industry in 1943, representing 65 percent of the industry’s total workforce (compared to just 1 percent in the pre-war years)” (History channel, 2010). Women beside been in the armed forces, they were also known because of “governmental girls” nickname they received because of been part of the American government. More than a million women, many of them young and single, came to Washington D.C. to find a place in the White House. The “government girls” as they were known could only hold their jobs for the duration of the national emergency because the federal employees who had been drafted or reassigned were entitled to reclaim their jobs at the end of the war. Women also contribute as spy during the World War two, there is a program within the government called Office of Strategic Services (OSS) were men and women were instructed to keep the service secret. The last but not least, there were women as scientist, during this war there was an improvement in sophisticated weapons to win the war. According to the National Women´s National Museum “the Manhattan Project, a super-secret program to create the atomic bomb, incorporated at least 300 military and civilian women not only as clerks but in research positions.” (National women's history museum, 2007). With this war, more opportunities opened for women as chemists, researchers, engineers, and technical assistants. While filling many positions that were reserved for men before the war, women were often academically over-qualified for the lower-level technical jobs or inspection duties they performed. In keeping with the National Women´s National Museum “The Office of Education subsidized "defense" training programs that spread to 227 colleges and universities across the nation, one of the first federal efforts to increase and train scientific manpower” (National women's history museum, 2007). This maybe was one of the best decisions taken by the US government, to give opportunities to women to also take part of what were supposed to be only men´s job.

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