Ensayuo sobre Respiratory Sistem

Respiratory System

The respiratory system consists of a set of organs whose main function take atmospheric oxygen to body cells and rid the body of carbon dioxide produced by cellular metabolism. The bodies that make up the respiratory system are nasal cavities, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles and both lungs. The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system where gas exchange takes place. The other structures, called air or airways act as conduits for air can circulate to and inspired and expired from the lungs, respectively. Although the oral cavity allows the entry of air into the airways is not part of the respiratory system.

The inside of the airways is covered by:

- A layer of epithelial tissue, which very close to each other protect cells from injury and infection.

- A respiratory mucosa, responsible for maintaining good wet roads and a suitable temperature.

The surface of the respiratory mucosa has two types of cells:

- Mucous cells: produce and secrete mucus toward the entrance of the airways.

- Ciliated cells: cilia have constantly moving in order to dislodge the mucus and foreign particles that are fixed in the respiratory mucosa.

It can be said that the external respiration is essential to take place internal. We also need to continually breathe because our cells need oxygen and without him die, and death of our cells leads to our own.

In humans, respiratory system consists of the airways, lungs and respiratory muscles, causing the movement of air both in and out of the body. Gas exchange is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, the body with its environment. Within alveolar lung system, molecules of oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange passively by diffusion between blood and gas environment .Thus, respiratory system facilitates oxygenation contaminant removal with carbon ( and other gases which are products of metabolism ) in the circulation dioxide.

The system also helps maintain the acid-base balance in the body through the efficient removal of carbon dioxide from the blood.

The airways are the way which air enters the lungs. Which are:

NASAL CAVITY

They are two structures, right and left located above the mouth. Among other they are separated by a nasal septum cartilage tissue. In the early part of each cavity nostrils, inlets are located respiratory system. The instance of back does communicate with the pharynx through the choanae .

The floor of the nasal cavities limits the hard palate and the soft palate, which separates the oral cavity. A mucosa are covered by engulfing the turbinate bones wound series of three (middle and lower ) higher . Inspired mucosa that warms the air.

PHARYNX

Tubular, muscular organ located in the neck. The nasal cavity communicates with the larynx and mouth with the esophagus. They pass through the pharynx food and air to and from the lungs, so it is a body that belongs to the digestive and respiratory systems.

LARYNX

Tubular organ, muscle structure -cartilage that connects the pharynx to the trachea. The vertical diameter is 5.7 centimeters. It is located above the trachea. The hyoid bone acts as suspensory apparatus.

The larynx has nine cartilages: aritenoides , Santorini and Wrisberg ( pairs) and the thyroid cartilage, cricoid , and epiglottic (odd ) . In swallowing, epiglottic cartilage (epiglottis) descends to block the entrance to the larynx and force the bolus to pass into the esophagus.

TRACHEA

It is a tube -shaped organ , cartilaginous structure that connects the larynx to the bronchi. It comprises numerous cartilage rings connected by muscle fibers , and connective tissue . The function of the rings is to strengthen the trachea to prevent collapse during breathing-

Approximate measurements in humans are 10-11 cm long and 2 to 2.5 centimeters in diameter. The trachea has about 20-22 horseshoe-shaped cartilage. Half rings are located at the neck, while the other half is accommodated in the thoracic cavity, to the sternum. The trachea bifurcates near the heart, resulting in two primary bronchi.

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