Glosario De Ingles De Comunicación Social

Social Communication Glossary

This is an informal compiled glossary terms culled from the Britannica Concise Encyclopedia, the Columbia Encyclopedia, Wikipedia, Google search and numerous other sources online.

A

Advertisement: the promotion of a product or service.

Advertising manager: the person who oversees the sales representatives who sell space to advertisers, and ensures that ads are in the appropriate section. Advertorial: an advertisement section in a magazine that looks like an article. Advocacy journalism: a style of journalism in which a reporter takes sides in controversial issues and develops a point of view. It is the opposite of mainstream journalism, in which reporters are expected to be objective.

Ambush journalism: aggressive tactics practiced by journalists who suddenly confront and question people who otherwise do not wish to speak to a journalist.

Arguments: propositions, justifications, and evidence used to persuade.

Articles: stories written about news topics that are considered notable by the editors of a publication.

Attribution: credit given to who said what or the source of facts.

B

Background: information that is not intended for publication.

Belief: an expectation about the way some event or sequence of events will occur. Conviction or confidence in the truth of some-thing that is not based on absolute proof.

Benchmarking: the process of seeking to improve quality by comparing one’s own products or services with the best products or services of others.

Body: the main part or central information of a news story following the lead.

Brainstorming: a creative procedure for generating ideas and potential solutions to problems.

Broadcast feature: longer than usual broadcast news story that gives reporters 5-25 minutes (compared to usual 30-60 seconds) to develop a deeper look at a news event, trend, or individual; the broadcast equivalent of a newspaper feature story; also known as "television magazine piece" or radio feature.

C

Cable news channels: cable TV broadcasters of news, documentaries and commentary.

Caption: descriptive copy which accompanies a photograph or graphic.

Celebrity journalism: also known as people journalism, it focuses on the personal lives of celebrities, including movie and stage actors, musical artists, models and photographers, sports figures, and notable people in the entertainment industry, as well as people who seek attention, such as politicians, and people thrust into the attention of the public, such as people who do something newsworthy. Censorship: governmental restriction or other repression of individual journalists and non-government media. Press freedom is protected in the United States and some other nations, while few formal democracies and no authoritarian governments make provision for protection of press freedom.

Checkbook journalism: journalists paying a person or organization for a news story. Clips: news films or videos ranging in length from a few seconds to as long as 10 minutes.

Column: an article in which a writer or columnist gives an opinion on a topic. Commercial: an advertisement that is presented on television, radio, or film. Conclusion: the last sentence or last few sentences of a story; the end of the story.

Conflict of interest: the conflict that is created when a writer allows personal interests (friendship, family, business connections, etc.) to influence the outcome of the story.

Copy: the words of an article, news story, book, broadcast writing, including commercials; any written material intended for publication, including advertising. Credibility: believability of a writer or publication.

D

Draft: the first version of an article before editing and submission to the editor.

Dialogue: the act of taking part in a conversation, discussion, or negotiation.

Decentralized networks: communication networks in which all members play an equal role in the transmittal of information.

Deck: a smaller headline which comes between the headline and the story. Display ads: ads that include a visual image to advertise a product or service.

Dominant style: tendency to lead and take control in social situations.

E

Editor: the person who "edits" a story by revising and polishing; the person whose job is to approve copy when it comes in and to make decisions about what is published in a newspaper or magazine.

Editorial: an article expressing a newspaper or magazine owner's or editor's position on an issue.

Emoticons: typographic symbols showing emotional meaning.

Empathy: the ability to perceive another person's worldview as if it were your own.

Euphemism: a polite, more pleasant expression used instead of a socially unacceptable form.

Evidence: data or information from which you can draw a conclusion, make a judgment, or establish the probability of something occurring.

F

Facts sheet: a page of significant information prepared by Public Relations

people to help news media in covering a special event.

FAQ: a list of questions that are frequently asked and their answers.

Feature articles: longer forms of news writing; topics covered in depth; sometimes the main article on the front page of a newspaper, or the cover story in a magazine. Feature writing: journalistic writing covering people, places and events in greater depth and with less timeliness than an immediate hard news story.

Figures of speech: sets of words whose meaning go beyond the meaning of the words that comprise them.

Five Ws and H: the primary questions a news story answers: Who? What? Where? When? Why? And How?

Formal communication systems: communication links and networks determined and sanctioned by the organization.

Function of communication: according to Cicero, to entertain, inform, and persuade, to stimulate was added later.

G

Gatekeepers: any person (or group) who controls what media material eventually reaches the public.

Gobbledygook: language that is unnecessarily complicated, unclear, wordy, or includes jargon.

Gonzo journalism: a type of journalism popularized by Hunter S. Thompson in the 1970s. It was characterized by a punchy style, rough language, and a disregard for conventional journalistic writing forms and customs. The traditional objectivity of the journalist was given up through immersion in the story.

Gutter: narrow margin of white space in the center area in a magazine, newspaper, or book, where two pages meet.

Globalization: the process of interconnecting the world's people with respect to the cultural, economic, political, technological, and environmental aspects of their lives.

Group Decision Support System (GDSS): a computer based system that supports message exchange, collaboration on ideas, projects, and products, and/or group decision making.

H

Hard news: immediate factual accounts of important events, often appearing first online, in a broadcast or in a newspaper.

Headline: the "title" of a newspaper or magazine story.

Human interest story: a story that focuses on the human side of news and often appeals to the readers' emotion.

Humanism: form of science that focuses on human choices, motives, and meanings and that assumes the reasons or causes of human behavior lie within humans, not outside of them.

Hypodermic needle theory: the belief that people receive information directly without any intervening variable, as in a vacuum.

I

In-depth: a news story that is comprehensive, thorough and detailed.

Internet: a global network of interconnected computers using a standard TCP/IP protocol to serve billions of users.

Interpersonal communication: the exchange of messages between individuals through which needs, perceptions, and values are shared and by which mutual meanings and expectations are developed.

Interpretation: an active process whereby individuals perceive and assign meaning to phenomena, relying on their working models to do so.

Interview: carefully planned and executed question-and-answer session designed to exchange desired information between two parties or intrapersonal communication, communication with oneself, including selftalk, planning, and reflections.

Inverted pyramid: the structure of a news story which places the important facts at the beginning and less important facts and details at the end, enabling the editor to cut bottom portion of the story if space is required.

J

Jargon: any overly obscure, technical, or bureaucratic words that would not be used in everyday language.

Journalese: a type of jargon used by newspaper writers: language used by journalists that would never be used in everyday speech.

Journalism: the craft of conveying news, descriptive material and opinion via a widening spectrum of media; the collection and periodic publication or transmission of news through media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, books the Internet, and even the mobile telephone.

Journalists: writers, editors, photographers, videographers, broadcast presenters, producers and others who are the purveyors of information and opinion in contemporary mass society.

Jump line: line of type at the bottom of a column which directs

...