Caso Nokia
Enviado por miguel.adell • 13 de Octubre de 2014 • 380 Palabras (2 Páginas) • 320 Visitas
MICHAE L E . PORTER
Finland and Nokia: Creating the World's Most
Competitive Economy
When an inventor in Silicon Valley opens his garage door to show off his latest idea, he has 50% of the
world market in front of him. When an inventor in Finland opens his garage door, he faces three feet of snow.
—J.O. Nieminen, CEO of Nokia Mobira, 1984
Until the 1990s, Finland was considered a remote and sleepy country in the northeastern corner of
Europe, lying in the shadow of its large neighbor Russia. Finland had been part of Sweden for six
centuries until 1809, when it was ceded to Russia. The Bolshevik revolution in 1917 and the collapse
of the Romanov dynasty led Finland to unilaterally declare independence on December 6, 1917 (still
the national day). After difficult years during World War II, Finland remained somewhat isolated,
and its economy remained highly dependent on the Soviet Union. Following the model of its Nordic
neighbors in the post-war years, Finland was characterized by heavy investments in social welfare
and public infrastructure. There was a history of government involvement in the private sector. The
government had large holdings in many top Finnish companies (see Exhibit 1) and, through its active
involvement in mergers and other investments, influenced the ownership structures of key
industries.
Finland’s prosperity level caught up to the OECD average only slowly. With few exceptions,
notably in pulp and paper and specialty shipbuilding, Finnish companies were absent from
international business rankings.
By 2001, however, Finland had become one of the fastest growing and most competitive
economies in the world. A member of the European Union, it was known for fiscal stability and was
the only Nordic country introducing the Euro in the first wave. In the Competitiveness Rankings of
the Global Competitiveness Report, Finland won the top spot from the United States in 2000. One
Finnish company, Nokia, had outpaced others and cast a long shadow on the entire economy. Its
emergence as the global
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