Norma ASTM D86 STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR DISTILLATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS
Emunick10 de Octubre de 2014
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NATIONAL TRANSPORTATION SAFETY BOARD
WASHINGTON, D.C.
ASTM STANDARD D86: “STANDARD TEST METHOD FOR
DISTILLATION OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS.”
Gordon J. Hookey
#TDbesig nation: D 86 - 95 An AmericanN ational Standard
Standard Test Method for
Distillation of Petroleum Products’
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 86, the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (t) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. Consult the DOD inde? of Specijications and
Standards for the specific year of issue which has been adopted by the Department of Defense.
1. Scope
I .l This test method covers the distillation of natural
gasolines, motor gasolines, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine
fuels, special boiling point spirits, naphthas, white spirit,
kerosines, gas oils, distillate fuel oils, and similar petroleum
products, utilizing either manual or automated equipment.
1.2 In cases of dispute, the referee test method is the
manual test method prepared as directed for the indicated
group.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
in formation only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
,sufety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate
safety and health practices and determine the applicability
of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum
Products (Reid Method)2
D 396 Specification for Fuel Oils2
D 850 Test- Method for Distillation of Industrial Aromatic
Hydrocarbons and Related Materials3
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils2
D 1078 Test Method for Distillation Range of Volatile
Organic Liquids3
D 2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum
( 1%Theoretical Plate Column)4
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products4
D 4 177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products4
D 4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
Gasoline Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)s
D 5 190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum
Products (Automatic Method)s
1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
l’crr~~leum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcomtnittee
DO2.08 on Volatility.
In the IP. this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization
(‘ummittee.
(‘urrenl edition approved Jan. 15, 1995. Published March 1995. Originally
l~ublkhed as D 86 - 21. Last previous edition D 86 - 93.
2 .+tnual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
’ .4nntrol Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04.
4 .~tmual Book o/ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
’ annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
D 5 19 1 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum
Products (Mini Method)5
D5482 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum
Products (Mini Method-Atmospheric)5
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometer@
E 77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of
Thermometer@
E 133 Specification for Distillation Equipment’ ’
E 220 Method for Calibration of Thermocouples by Comparison
Technique@
IP 69 Determination of Vapour Pressure-Reid Method8
IP 17 1 Vapour Pressure Micro Method9
3. Terminology
3.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 decomposition point-the thermometer reading that
coincides with the first indications of thermal decomposition
of the liquid in the flask.
DlscussroN-Characteristic indications of thermal decomposition are
an evolution of fumes, and erratic thermometer readings that usually
decrease after any attempt is made to adjust the heat.
3.1.2 dry point-the thermometer reading that is observed
at the instant the last drop of liquid evaporates from the
lowest point in the flask. Any drops or film of liquid on the
side of the flask or on the thermometer are disregarded.
DIscussroN-The end point (final boiling point), rather than the dry
point, is intended for general use. The dry point can be reported in
connection with special purpose naphthas, such as those used in the
paint industry. Also, it is substituted for the end point (final boiling
point) whenever the sample is of such a nature that the precision of the
end point (final boiling point) cannot consistently meet the requirements
given in the Precision Section.
3.1.3 end point or fmal boiling point-the maximum
thermometer reading obtained during the test. This usually
occurs after the evaporation of all liquid from the bottom of
the flask. The term maximum temperature is a frequently
used synonym.
3.1.4 initial boiling point-the thermometer reading that
is observed at the instant that the first drop of condensate
falls from the lower end of the condenser tube.
3.1.5 percent evaporated-the sum of the percent recovered
and the percent loss.
6 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03. r
7 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
* Available from The Institute of Petroleum, 6 I New Cavendish St., London,
W 1 M 8AR, England.
9 Withdrawn 1992, contact The Institute of Petroleum for availability,
1 i r: 1
3.1.6 percent loss-one hundred minus the percent total
recovery.
3.1.7 percent recovered-the volume in millilitres of condensate
observed in the receiving graduate, in connection
with a simultaneous thermometer reading.
3.1.8 percent recovery-the maximum percent recovered,
as observed in accordance with 9.10.
3.1.9 percent residue-the volume of residue in millilitres
measured in accordance with 9.11.
3.1.10 percent total recovery-the combined percent recovery
and residue in the flask, as determined in accordance
with 9.12.
3.1.11 thermometer reading-the temperature of the saturated
vapor measured in the neck of the ‘flask below the
vapor tube.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A 100 mL sample is distilled under prescribed conditions
that are appropriate to its nature. Systematic observations
of thermometer readings and volumes of condensate
are made, and from these data, the results of the test are
calculated and reported.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons
often have an important effect .on their safety and
performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents.
Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a
hydrocarbon to produce potentially explosive vapors. It is
also critically important for both automotive and aviation
gasolines,a ffecting starting, warmup, and tendency to vapor
lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or
both. The presence of high boiling point components in
these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of
formation of solid combustion deposits.
’ 5.2 Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is also an
important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly
those used in paints.
5.3 Petroleum product specifications generally include
distillation limits to assure products of suitable volatility
performance.
6. Apparatus
,,6.1 Unless noted otherwise, all of the section and tigure
reference numbers in 6.2 through 6.8 refer to Specification
E.133, the specification to which all the items Listed shall
conform.
6..2 Flask-Flask A (100 mL), as shown in Fig. 3 (of
SpecificationE 133) for natural gasolines.F lask B ( 125 mL),
aS shown in Fig. la of this test method or as shown in Fig. 3
(Of Specification E 133) for all others.
.6.3 Condenser and Cooling Bath-Section 5, and Figs. l
an-d 2 of Specification E 133.
6;4’Shield-Section. 6$ and Figs. 1 and 2 of Specification
E133.
6.5 Heater-Section 7, and Figs. 1 and 2 of Specification
Ii 133.
6.6 Flask Support-Table 2 (of Specification E 133)
Boards A 32-mm ( 1.25-in.) B 38-mm (1.5-in.) or C 50-mm
(2-m.) hole.
6.7 ,Graduated Cylinder-Section 9; Graduate B, 100 mL,
Line
Marking-
‘\ --‘ (
Dimensions in mm
FIG. la Distillation Flask with Ground Glass Joint
R
Knurled knob
.a
Dimensions in mm
FIG. lb PTFE Centering Device for Ground Glass Joint
as shown in Fig. 4 of Specification E 133. The cylinder must
have graduations at the 5 mL level and from 90 to 100 mL in
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