TERREMOTO - SISMO
laura189404Informe26 de Abril de 2020
4.956 Palabras (20 Páginas)200 Visitas
TERREMOTO - SISMO[pic 1]
PRESENTA:
LAURA MARICELA VELASCO CRISTANCHO ID: 000700257
DOCENTE:
WILLIAM PORTELA CUEVAS
INGENIERO CIVIL
CORPORACION UNIVERSITARIA MINUTO DE DIOS “UNIMINUTO”
FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS DE INGENIERÍA
INGENIERÍA CIVIL
ASIGNATURA: ELECTIVA CPC (GEOLOGÍA)
COLOMBIA _ CIUDAD GIRARDOT. FEBRERO, 28 DEL 2020
CONTENIDO
Pág.
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. OBJECTIVES 4
3. TERREMOTOS – SISMOS 5
3.1 SISMOS: Causas, características e impactos 5
3.2 CAUSAS 6
3.3 ¿QUÉ PASA EN LA ZONA DE SUBDUCCIÓN? 8
3.4 CARACTERÍSTICAS 10
3.5 IMPACTO 12
3.6 TIPOS DE SISMOS 14
3.6.1 SISMOS NATURALES 15
3.6.2 SISMOS ARTIFICIALES 15
3.6.3 MICROSISMOS 15
3.6.4 SISMOS MENORES 15
3.6.5 SISMO LIGERO 16
3.6.6 SISMO MODERADO 16
3.6.7 SISMO FUERTE 16
3.6.8 SISMO MAYOR 16
3.6.9 GRAN SISMO 16
3.6.10 SISMO PERIMÉTRICO 17
3.6.11 MAREMOTOS 17
3.6.12 SISMO OSCILATORIO 17
4. ONDAS SISMICAS. 18
4.1 TIPOS DE ONDAS SISMICAS 19
4.1.1 4.1.1 ONDAS PRIMARIAS (P) 19
4.1.2 ONDAS SECUNDARIAS (S) 19
4.1.3 ONDAS DE RAYLEIGH 19
4.1.4 ONDAS DE LOVE 20
5. CONCLUSION 21
INTRODUCTION
Earthquakes or earthquakes (larger earthquakes), also known as telluric movements due to their relationship with the Earth as a planet, are the result of the breakdown of rocks, suddenly releasing energy at a certain point in the earth's crust. This energy is transmitted in the form of seismic waves, it spreads away from its point of origin, just as in a pond the waves make them away from the point where we throw a stone. The place under the earth where the earthquake is generated is called a hypocenter, and its projection towards the surface epicenter.
The earthquake is one of the natural phenomena that has caused more terror and more damage to humanity. The struggle of man to achieve his control has been hard, however today there is much information that although he does not avoid them completely, he will avoid incalculable damage. Earthquakes are caused by volcanic activity although they are not so common, the sinking of underground cavities that do not release much energy so they are not of great importance or tectonic displacements of the earth's crust, according to researchers agree that the continents are continually choosing against each other and that these changes in position are the cause of the largest earthquakes in the world. In the places where these movements occur, many cubic kilometers of rock are drastically deformed, the energy accumulating as in a tensioned spring.
OBJECTIVES
Among the objectives of the Seismic Prevention, the following can be highlighted:
• Preserve man and his property from the harmful effects of the earthquake.
• Provide criteria that help to improve the safety of infrastructure works of a special nature and to anticipate the response they must present in case of an earthquake.
• Raise public awareness about the application of earthquake resistant construction standards, to be applied in regions where there is seismic activity.
• Recommend behavior patterns to be followed by people and the community, in the face of an earthquake.
In spite of the studies and researches that are carried out worldwide, until now there are not sufficiently safe elements that allow to predict with certainty and with sufficient advance, the magnitude, place of occurrence and moment in which a destructive earthquake will occur.
However, even if this objective were achieved, only the number of victims could be reduced considerably, but it would not guarantee the integrity of the constructions, especially in those devoid of adequate structure to withstand seismic actions, with the consequent economic losses. In other words, resorting only to prediction would not be able to satisfactorily reduce the seismic risk, due to the high degree of vulnerability that the constructions would possess.
TERREMOTOS – SISMOS
Un terremoto es la vibración de la Tierra producida por una rápida liberación de energía a causa del deslizamiento de la corteza terrestre a lo largo de una falla. La energía liberada se propaga en todas las direcciones desde su origen (foco o hipocentro) en forma de ondas. Imagine las ondas producidas cuando se lanza una piedra en un estanque o cae una gota de lluvia en este. Al igual que el impacto de la piedra o de la gota provoca un movimiento de ondas en el agua del estanque, el terremoto produce ondas sísmicas que se propagan en la Tierra. Aunque la energía liberada por la “ruptura” (las ondas) se disipa rápidamente al alejarse del foco, es posible registrar el movimiento en cualquier punto de la Tierra por medio de aparatos suficientemente sensibles.
Cada año se producen a través del mundo más de 300.000 sismos perceptibles, aunque por suerte muchos de estos temblores generan pocos o ningún daño: sólo alrededor de 75 sismos cada año son realmente significativos.
SISMOS: Causas, características e impactos
Sismos, temblores y terremotos son términos usuales para referirse a los movimientos de la corteza terrestre, sin embargo, técnicamente hablando, el nombre de sismo es más utilizado (terremoto se refiere a sismos de grandes dimensiones). Los sismos se originan en el interior de la tierra y se propaga por ella en todas direcciones en forma de ondas.
[pic 2]Autor: Servicio Geológico Mexicano
Son de corta duración e intensidad variable y son producidos a consecuencia de la liberación repentina de energía. Paradójicamente, poseen un aspecto positivo que es el de proporcionarnos información sobre el interior de nuestro planeta. Actualmente, gracias a la técnica conocida como tomografía sismológica o sísmica, se conoce con gran detalle el interior de nuestro planeta.
Para información más detallada visita GeoInfoMex, selecciona en Contenido: Tectónica y sismos. También puedes consultar SISMOLOGÍA DE MÉXICO.
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