The Ancient Egypt.

The Ancient Egypt was a civilization that arose after the gathered of the people that lived on the banks of the middle of the river Nile. It had three periods, named by the historians, Predynastic Period, Dynastic Period and Archaic Period. This work arises for the importance of knowing the Empire Egypt and its contributions to the humanity.

The territory occupied in ancient Egypt consisted of a long narrow strip corresponding to the valley of the Nile River in northeastern Africa. Only 60 miles wide and 1,200 miles long constituted the fertile valley surrounded largely by the Sahara desert. Along the Nile, in the eleventh millennium. C., a culture of grain collectors had been replaced by other hunters, fishers and gatherers who used stone tools. Studies also indicate human settlement in southwestern Egypt, near the Sudan border, before 8000. C. The geological evidence and climatological studies suggest that changes in climate, around 8000. BC began to desiccate the pastoral lands of Egypt hunting and gradually settling the Sahara Desert. Civilization unifies around the year 3150 BC with the political unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the first pharaoh, and developed over the next three millennia.

Predynastic Period: At this time the division of the Nile valley starts in two zones: Delta and Lower Egypt, and the northern part of the valley or Upper Egypt. The presence of cultures that lived by hunting, fishing, livestock and incipient cultivation of cereals are hereby acknowledged. In the transition to the use of the first metals a breakthrough in ceramic processing techniques and manufacture of stone vessels, and the use of forged copper objects shown.

Dynastic Empire: During this period there was political unity from the Delta to the first cataract. It has been postulated that unification was not the result of an ongoing military campaign between different proto, but probably existed in a first stage, more or less peaceful among them who ended up forming relationships reunifications increased resulting in two great kingdoms: Upper and Lower Egypt. The capital of the empire during the Early Dynastic Period was Tinis, although during the First Dynasty Menes moved the capital to Memphis, Saqqara choosing as royal necropolis. The second known Pharaoh Aha, I lead expeditions to Nubia and its successor, Dyer, came to the Red Sea.

Archaic Period: Late Predynastic period, Egypt was divided into small kingdoms; the main were: Hierakonpolis (Nejen) in Upper Egypt and the Buto in Lower Egypt. The unification process was carried out by the kings of Hieracómpolis.

For much of Egyptian history, Memphis was the country's largest city and economic center of the kingdom, undisputed capital from Dynasty I to VIII, resurgence during the reign of Ramses II and Merenptah. When other cities such as Thebes, Pi-Rameses, Tanis and Sais sported the capital, was still

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