Inglés Juridico

UNIVERSIDAD DE GUAYAQUIL

FACULTAD DE JURISPRUDENCIA Y CIENCIAS SOCIALES Y POLÍTICAS

SUBJET: LEGAL ENGLISH

PROFESSOR: ING. COM CARLOTA VARGAS

CONTENT: THE VERB AND IMMIGRANTS LAW

FIFTH LEVEL ROOM“D”

MODULE I

FIRST TERM

TEAM #4 STAFF

NAMES SIGNATURE ATTENDANCE GRADE

GÓNZALEZVERA GABRIEL

GUALLI QUITIO JULIAN

LUNA ARCE

RAÚL ANTONIO

MUÑOZ TERRANOVA KERLY

REINA GUAMÁN RAÚL RICARDO

REINA GUAMÁN RUTH DEL ROCÍO

RUGEL RAMÍREZ MERCEDES AURORA

SCALDAFERRY VILLAVICENCIO ÁNGELA

VÁSQUEZ CASTILLO SHIRLEY AMADA

VILLÓN DEL PEZO FEDERICO

GUAYAQUIL –ECUADOR

2014 – 2015

INDEX

TOPIC PAGE

Part One The Verb

Concept 3

Verb Forms 5

Kinds Of Verbs 7

Tense, Aspect And Mood 9

Simple Present Tense With Be 11

Simple Present Tense With Other Verbs Than Be 12

Simple Past Tense With Regular Verbs 13

Simple Past With Be 16

Simple Past Tense With Irregular Verbs 20

Future Tense With Going To 21

Future Tense With Will 23

Present Perfect 24

Past Perfect 28

Part Two Legal

Immigration Laws Ecuador 33

Immigration Laws U.S.A. 42

Books on Source 63

THE VERBS

Concept.-

The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence.

A verb or compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and express actions, events, or states of being.

The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the predicate of a sentence.

In each of the following sentences, the verb or compound verb is highlighted:

We are dancing at the disco.

The verb "are dancing" describes the action we take.

In early October, Giselle will plant twenty tulip bulbs.

Here the compound verb "will plant" describes an action that will take place in the future.

My first teacher was Miss Crawford, but I remember the janitor Mr. Weatherbee more vividly.

In this sentence, the verb "was" (the simple past tense of "is") identifies a particular person and the verb "remember" describes a mental action.

Karl Creelman bicycled around the world in 1899, but his diaries and his bicycle were destroyed.

In this sentence, the compound verb "were destroyed" describes an action which took place in the past.

A verb is a kind of word that usually tells about an action or a state and is the main part of a sentence. Every sentence has a verb. In English, verbs are the only kind of word that changes to show past or present tense.

Every language in the world has verbs, but they are not always used in the same ways. They also can have different properties in different languages. For example, in some other languages (e.g., Chinese & Indonesian) verbs do not change for past and present tense. This means the definition above only works well for English verbs.

There are sixteen verbs used in Basic English. They are: be, do, have, come, go, see, seem, give, take, keep, make, put, send, say, let, get.

VERB FORMS

In English and many other languages, verbs change their form. This is called inflection. Most English verbs have six inflected forms (see the table), but be has eight different forms.

Forms of English Verbs

Primary forms past: walked She walked home

3rd singular present: walks

She walks home

plain present: walk

They walk home

Secondary forms plain form: walk She should walk home

gerund [1]: walking

She is walking home

past participle: walked

She has walked home

You should notice that some of the verb forms look the same. You can say they have the same shape. For example, the plain present and the plain form of walk have the same shape. The same is true for the past and the past participle. But these different forms can have different shapes in other verbs. For example, the plain present of be is usually are but the plain form is be. Also, the past of eat is ate, but the past participle is eaten. When you look for a verb in the dictionary, it is usually the plain form that you look for.

An English sentence must have at least one primary-form verb. Each main clause can only have one primary-form verb.

KINDS OF VERBS

English has two main kinds of verbs: normal verbs (called lexical verbs) and auxiliary verbs. The difference between them is mainly in where they can go in a sentence. Some verbs are in both groups, but there are very few auxiliary verbs in English. There are also two kinds of auxiliary verbs: modal verbs and non-modal verbs. The table below shows most of the English auxiliaries and a small number of other verbs.

Kinds of English verbs

auxiliary verbs lexical verbs

modal verbs Can you play the piano? I fell

I will not be there I didn't fall

Shall we go I had breakfast.

Yes, you may I'm playing soccer.

You must be joking Must you make that noise?

non-modal verbs Have you seen him? Have you seen him?

I did see it I did see it

He is sleeping He is sleeping

There are several auxiliary verbs:

• To do (do, does, did)

• To be (am, is, are, was, were): Creates a progressive tense

• To have (have, has, had): Creates a perfect tense

The following verbs are modal auxiliaries.

• Can

• Could

• May

• Might

• Must

• Shall

• Should

Auxiliary verbs also inflect for negation. Usually this is done by adding not or n't.

• You shouldn't be here.

• He isn't at home.

• We haven't started yet.

Use of the auxiliary do

Sometimes the verb do. It does not really change the meaning.

• I do talk (Present)

• I did go (Past)

It is also used in the negative when no other auxiliary verbs are used.

• I don't talk (Present)

• I didn't go (Past)

Many other languages do not use the verb do as an auxiliary verb. They use the simple present for do, and the simple past or perfect for 'did.

TENSE, ASPECT AND MOOD

Many people think that all different ways of using verbs are all different tenses. This is not true. There are three main systems related to the verb: tense, aspect, and mood.

Tense

Tense is mainly used to say when the verb happens: in the past, present, or future. In order to explain and understand tense, it is useful to imagine time as a line on which past tense, present tense and future tense are positioned.

Some languages have all three tenses, some have only two, and some have no tenses at all. English and Japanese for example have only two tenses: past and present. Chinese and Indonesian verbs do not show tense. Instead they use other words in the sentence to show when the verb happens.

English Tenses

Past Tense

Present Tense

She walked home She walks home

He ran quickly He runs quickly

I could swim well I can swim well

Did you live here? Do you live here?

Aspect

Aspect usually shows us things like whether the action is finished or not, or if something happens regularly. English has two aspects: progressive and perfect. In English, aspect is usually shown by using participle verb forms. Aspect can combine with present or past tense.

Progressive aspect

English uses the gerund-participle, usually together with the auxiliary be (and its forms am, is, are, was, and were) to show the progressive aspect.

• I'm sleeping. (present progressive)

• He was studying English last night. (past progressive)

• He will be going to the store tomorrow (future progressive)

Many other languages, such as French, do not use progressive tenses.

• I've seen him twice. (present perfect)

• I had lived there for three years. (past perfect)

The past perfect can be used to express an unrealized hope, wish, etc.

• He had intended to bake a cake but ran out of flour.

• She had wanted to buy him a gift but he refused.

After If, wish and would rather, the past perfect can be used to talk about past events that never happened.

• If only I had been born standing up!

• I wish you had told me that before.

• I would rather you had gone somewhere else.

Mood

Finally, English mood is now usually shown by using modal verbs. In the past, English had a full mood system but that has almost completely disappeared. The subjunctive mood now uses the plain form. There is also a form of be that is used in conditionals to show that something is not true ( If I were a bird, I would fly to California.).

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